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. 2019 Feb 7;9:1561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38248-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative images of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) obtained from a 57-year-old man (patient 1; resolved diabetic macular edema), a 48-year-old man (patient 2; resolved diabetic macular edema), and a 55-year-old man (patient 3; persistent diabetic macular edema). (A) Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) image of the DCP before treatment in patient 1. Yellow circles indicate microaneurysms (MAs). Visual acuity was 20/22. (B) The enface image showing the area of macular edema. (C) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image through the fovea is shown directly below. Macular edema involving the fovea is apparent and central retinal thickness (CRT) is 543 µm. The retinal vascular area is 4.02 mm². (D) OCTA image of the DCP 8 months after treatment. The patient received one intravitreal aflibercept injection. The MAs disappeared. Visual acuity was 20/20. (E) The enface image. (F) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image. Macular edema involving the fovea is resolved and CRT is 263 µm. The retinal vascular area is 4.19 mm². (G) OCTA image of the DCP before treatment in patient 2. Yellow circles indicate microaneurysms (MAs). Visual acuity was 20/29. (H) The enface image showing the area of macular edema. (I) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image through the fovea is shown directly below. Macular edema involving the fovea is apparent and CRT is 553 µm. The retinal vascular area is 4.26 mm². (J) OCTA image of the DCP 7 months after treatment. The patient received two intravitreal aflibercept injections. The MAs are reduced but remain (yellow circle). Visual acuity was 20/20. (K) The enface image. (L) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image. Macular edema involving the fovea is resolved and CRT is 289 µm. The retinal vascular area was 4.64 mm². (M) OCTA image of the DCP before treatment in patient 3. Yellow circles indicate MAs. Visual acuity was 20/100. (N) The enface image showing the area of macular edema. (O) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image through the fovea is shown directly below. Macular edema involving the fovea is apparent and CRT is 640 µm. The perfused area is 2.87 mm². (P) OCTA image of the DCP 4 months after treatment. The patient received three intravitreal aflibercept injections. The MAs remain (yellow circle). Visual acuity was 20/100. (Q) The enface image. (R) The corresponding OCT cross-sectional image. Macular edema involving the fovea persists and CRT is 383 µm. The perfused area is 3.12 mm².