Table 2.
Metabolite profiling of cholesterols in maternal serum samples.
| Group 1 Preeclampsia (n = 14) | Group 2 Preterm labor (n = 16) | Group 3 Other maternal-fetal indication (n = 9) | K-W test | Mann Whitney U test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | p-value | Group 1 vs. 2 | Group 1 vs. 3 | Group 2 vs. 3 | |
| Concentration (μg/mL) | ||||||||||
| Cholesterol | 588.4 | 215.7 | 599.3 | 165.0 | 529.7 | 117.9 | 0.686 | 0.759 | 0.734 | 0.357 |
| Cholesterol laurate | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0.937 | 0.886 | 0.926 | 0.677 |
| Cholesterol myristate | 52.5 | 40.2 | 54.1 | 25.8 | 45.3 | 20.9 | 0.549 | 0.313 | 0.926 | 0.487 |
| Cholesterol palmitate | 736.8 | 534.3 | 627.2 | 355.8 | 509.8 | 184.0 | 0.852 | 0.951 | 0.557 | 0.718 |
| Cholesterol oleate, linoleate & stearate | 1460.9 | 558.0 | 1587.0 | 442.6 | 1571.2 | 443.7 | 0.757 | 0.580 | 0.516 | 0.934 |
| Cholesterol arachidonate | 371.5 | 229.0 | 383.0 | 172.3 | 341.1 | 118.5 | 0.787 | 0.525 | 0.688 | 0.890 |
| ∑Chol-O, Li, S, A | 1832.4 | 749.4 | 1970.0 | 526.3 | 1912.2 | 528.9 | 0.863 | 0.608 | 0.781 | 0.934 |
| ∑Cholesterol esters | 2623.5 | 1255.1 | 2653.2 | 726.5 | 2470.1 | 650.8 | 0.830 | 0.498 | 0.975 | 0.890 |
| Sitosterol | 3.1 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 0.272 | 0.154 | 0.600 | 0.276 |
| Campesterol | 2.8 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.758 | 0.580 | 0.734 | 0.522 |
| Stigmasterol | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.177 | 0.257 | 0.250 | 0.890 |
| Concentration (ng/mL) | ||||||||||
| Desmosterol | 145.6 | 48.5 | 177.3 | 74.8 | 172.8 | 62.1 | 0.293 | 0.166 | 0.224 | 1.000 |
| 7-Dehydrocholesterol | 170.6 | 58.5 | 201.1 | 79.5 | 203.4 | 57.1 | 0.316 | 0.257 | 0.179 | 0.718 |
| Lathosterol | 962.8 | 764.3 | 1005.7 | 524.9 | 883.1 | 266.7 | 0.796 | 0.580 | 0.734 | 0.677 |
| Lanosterol | 89.9 | 31.9 | 102.8 | 33.8 | 104.6 | 45.0 | 0.344 | 0.166 | 0.369 | 0.718 |
| 7α-OHC | 235.2 | 132.9 | 266.3 | 242.6 | 197.8 | 86.9 | 0.843 | 0.822 | 0.516 | 0.846 |
| 7β-OHC | 163.9 | 72.1 | 179.3 | 136.6 | 140.6 | 46.5 | 0.799 | 0.759 | 0.403 | 0.978 |
| 4β-OHC | 29.4 | 9.7 | 32.7 | 12.1 | 27.5 | 7.5 | 0.642 | 0.667 | 0.600 | 0.388 |
| 27-OHC | 28.5 | 8.1 | 28.2 | 7.1 | 25.1 | 4.7 | 0.753 | 0.918 | 0.516 | 0.522 |
| 24-OHC | 9.3 | 7.2 | 9.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 2.7 | 0.516 | 0.400 | 0.781 | 0.329 |
| Metabolic ratios | ||||||||||
| Chol/Desmo | 4.032 | 0.689 | 3.546 | 0.629 | 3.273 | 0.974 | 0.061 | 0.058 | 0.039 | 0.637 |
| Chol/7-DHC | 3.440 | 0.532 | 3.093 | 0.508 | 2.714 | 0.740 | 0.028 | 0.058 | 0.019 | 0.207 |
| 7-DHC/Latho | 0.252 | 0.180 | 0.240 | 0.128 | 0.242 | 0.075 | 0.687 | 1.000 | 0.477 | 0.452 |
| Latho/Lano | 9.712 | 4.205 | 9.443 | 3.286 | 8.965 | 2.383 | 0.940 | 0.918 | 0.688 | 0.934 |
| Desmo/Lano | 1.679 | 0.493 | 1.727 | 0.447 | 1.810 | 0.755 | 0.773 | 0.580 | 0.600 | 0.760 |
| Chol/Lano | 6.693 | 1.933 | 5.988 | 1.222 | 5.560 | 1.969 | 0.271 | 0.355 | 0.159 | 0.329 |
| Sito*1000/Chol | 5.755 | 1.395 | 6.152 | 1.855 | 6.242 | 1.210 | 0.755 | 0.759 | 0.477 | 0.677 |
| Campe*1000/Chol | 4.822 | 1.137 | 4.913 | 1.537 | 5.218 | 1.215 | 0.726 | 0.984 | 0.439 | 0.559 |
| Stigma*1000/ Chol | 2.653 | 0.941 | 2.542 | 0.733 | 2.761 | 0.760 | 0.691 | 0.918 | 0.643 | 0.357 |
| Campe/ Sito | 0.853 | 0.165 | 0.813 | 0.183 | 0.846 | 0.177 | 0.755 | 0.448 | 0.975 | 0.718 |
| Stigma/ Sito | 0.453 | 0.074 | 0.419 | 0.055 | 0.441 | 0.061 | 0.249 | 0.154 | 0.643 | 0.207 |
| 7α-OHC/ Chol | 0.398 | 0.188 | 0.453 | 0.375 | 0.358 | 0.119 | 0.852 | 0.697 | 0.600 | 0.803 |
| 7β-OHC/ Chol | 0.284 | 0.096 | 0.302 | 0.192 | 0.260 | 0.040 | 0.876 | 0.728 | 0.688 | 0.718 |
| 7α-OHC/ 7β-OHC | 1.344 | 0.330 | 1.328 | 0.409 | 1.344 | 0.308 | 0.943 | 0.728 | 0.975 | 0.890 |
| 4β-OHC/ Chol | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.055 | 0.014 | 0.052 | 0.006 | 0.491 | 0.313 | 0.734 | 0.388 |
| 27-OHC/ Chol | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.050 | 0.019 | 0.048 | 0.007 | 0.438 | 0.294 | 0.926 | 0.301 |
| 24-OHC/Chol | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.015 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 0.413 | 0.608 | 0.477 | 0.187 |
| Chol-L/Chol | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.566 | 0.951 | 0.403 | 0.329 |
| Chol-M/Chol | 0.082 | 0.040 | 0.090 | 0.036 | 0.083 | 0.028 | 0.890 | 0.637 | 0.926 | 0.846 |
| Chol-P/Chol | 1.205 | 0.537 | 1.060 | 0.495 | 0.991 | 0.363 | 0.572 | 0.552 | 0.250 | 0.890 |
| Chol-O, Li & S/Chol | 2.472 | 0.244 | 2.693 | 0.467 | 2.932 | 0.337 | 0.022 | 0.093 | 0.005 | 0.229 |
| Chol-A/Chol | 0.609 | 0.213 | 0.635 | 0.207 | 0.631 | 0.173 | 0.847 | 0.728 | 0.557 | 0.978 |
| ∑Chol-O, Li, S, A/Chol | 3.081 | 0.344 | 3.328 | 0.469 | 3.563 | 0.417 | 0.020 | 0.085 | 0.007 | 0.169 |
| ∑Cholesterol esters/Chol | 4.371 | 0.801 | 4.482 | 0.751 | 4.642 | 0.616 | 0.579 | 0.697 | 0.336 | 0.487 |
NS, not significant.