Fig. 2.

GHR signal transduction. A predimerized GHR interacts with the GH ligand and activates the associated kinases, JAK2 and SRC. Key signal transduction pathways activated by the GHR include the JAK-STAT, MEK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and PLC/DAG/PKC pathways. The GHR can also translocate to the nucleus (dotted line), but the function remains unclear. GHR growth hormone receptor, GH growth hormone, JAK2 janus kinase 2, SRC SRC proto-oncogene, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin, GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3, IRS insulin receptor substrate, PLC/DAG/PKC phospholipase C/diacylglycerol/protein kinase C, FAK focal adhesion kinase, RAP rap guanine nucleotide exchanger