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. 2019 Feb 7;9:1586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38274-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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RNA-Seq analysis of ifosfamide-exposed bladders indicates multiple inflammation and stress response-related genes are differentially regulated. (A) Principal component analysis showed homogeneous clustering of gene expression among ifosfamide-treated mice (turquoise symbols labeled with “ifos”) and vehicle-treated mice (red symbols labeled with “Sal”). The PCA also showed no overlap of gene expression among ifosfamide-treated mice and IPSE-treated mice challenged with ifosfamide (purple symbols labeled with “H06”). However, there was overlap of gene expression among IPSE-treated mice and mice treated with the mutant of IPSE deficient for the nuclear localization sequence (green symbols labeled with “NLS”) (B) Volcano plots demonstrated upregulated and downregulated genes in bladders from ifosfamide-versus saline-treated mice. For this comparison, p-value (adjusted) <0.1 and log2(Fold Change) >1 (at least 2-fold) were applied as threshold values. NS: genes with non-significant changes in expression levels [black dots].