Table 2.

Odds ratio and 95% CI comparing phenotypic resistance to 12 antibiotics among four comparison groups (P-value < 0.05*)

Antibiotic tested	FC S1 (backyard chicken)		FC S2 (backyard chicken)		FC S2 (broiler chicken)		FC S1 (broiler chicken)
	CC S1 (backyard chicken)		FC S1 (backyard chicken)		FC S1 (broiler chicken)		FC S1 (backyard chicken)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Gentamicin	–	–	0.42	0.17–1.02	2.39	0.98–5.83	8.01	1.05–61.24*
Streptomycin	4.51	1.39–14.65*	0.30	0.13–0.71	3.34	1.42–7.87*	23.84	3.19–178.37*
Amoxicillin–clavulanate	1.50	0.14–16.06	0.76	0.25–2.38	1.31	0.42–4.06	18.80	5.02–70.46*
Ampicillin	5.05	1.43–17.83*	0.57	0.26–1.26	1.75	0.80–3.83	9.49	1.91–47.13*
Cefotaxime	1.08	0.06–20.56	25.65	3.56–185.0*	0.04	0.01–0.28	1,124	14.62–86,440.20*
Cephalothin	1.02	0.34–3.06	0.71	0.32–1.54	1.41	0.75–3.88	10.72	2.09–55.07*
Chloramphenicol	1.89	0.57–6.31	1.74	0.82–3.69	0.57	0.27–1.22	3.20	0.78–13.10
Sulfisoxazole	4.56	1.43–14.59*	0.39	0.17–0.91	2.54	1.01–5.87*	9.21	1.56–54.46*
Ciprofloxacin	4.77	0.99–23.02	0.59	0.26–1.34	1.70	0.75–3.88	7.55	3.28–17.37*
Enrofloxacin	4.82	0.99–23.58	0.50	0.19–1.35	2.00	0.74–5.34	7.95	3.05–20.73*
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	7.59	1.83–31.42*	0.29	0.12–0.72	3.41	1.39–8.33*	19.34	2.28–164.32*
Tetracycline	3.00	0.99–8.79	0.48	0.20–1.17	2.09	0.85–5.12	4.52	0.99–20.49

CC = control community; CI = confidence interval; FC = farming community; OR = odds ratio. We were unable to run a statistical model for gentamicin to compare backyard chickens of the CC with the FC because there were no phenotypic resistant isolates.