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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;33(1):135–151. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.006

Table 1 -.

Conditions associated with hyperinfection syndrome

Drugs/Biologies
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressives Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Tacrolimus
6-mercaptopurine
Anti-neoplastic agents Adriamycin
Bleomycin
Carmustine
Chlorambucil
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Ifosfamide
Melphalan
Mitoxantrone
VP16
Vinca Alkaloids
Etanercept
Biologies Infliximab
Rituximab
Antithymocyte globulin
Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)
Mycophenolate mofetil
Total body irradiation
Diseases/Syndromes HTLV1
Hypogammaglobulinemia (nephrotic syndrome and multiple myeloma)
Hematologic malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes
Solid Organ Transplantation
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
HIV/Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
Malnutrition
Alcoholism