Table 4. . Summary of various lipid nano formulations evaluated in vivo for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye.
| Formulation/lipids | Drug | Summary | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liposomes | |||
| DL-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol | Triamcinolone acetonide | A twofold higher drug concentration was observed in cornea as well as aqueous humor in comparison to suspension | [121] |
| DL-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol | Dihydro-Streptomycin sulfate | Liposome showed no significant improvement in permeability, in vivo, comparison to the control | [122] |
| L-α-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, stearylamine and dicetyl phosphate | Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride | Chitosan-coated liposomal formulation had longer in vivo retention time in male albino New Zealand rabbits in comparison to the marketed Ciprocin® drops | [124] |
| Soy-phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol | Timolol maleate | Timolol maleate liposome-loaded gellan gum gels had ∼twofold greater transcorneal permeation in comparison to the marketed formulation | [123] |
| Solid lipid nanoparticles/nanostructured lipid carriers | |||
| Compritol® ATO 555 and palmitic acid | Voriconazole | The AUC for concentration in aqueous humor over the 12-h time period, was ∼twofold greater for SLN in comparison to drug suspension | [125] |
| Compritol ATO-888, Gelucire®50/13, and Precirol®ATO-5 | Gatifloxacin | Gatifloxacin concentration in aqueous humor was found to be ∼threefold in comparison to marketed preparation | [126] |
| Soya-phospholipid SL-100 and triglyceride | Baicalin | Transcorneal permeation was (rabbit eyes) ∼1.5-times higher for SLN in comparison to solution, whereas, AUC was ∼four-times and Cmax ∼5.5-times for SLN in comparison to solution. Formulation was nonirritating to the eye | [127] |
| Glyceryl monostearate and lecithin | Methazolamide | The maximum intraocular pressure reduction was 42%, which was significantly higher in comparison to marketed brinzolamide marketed preparation (38%), in vivo in rabbits | [128] |
| Compritol ATO 888, Stearylamine and gelucire 44/14 | Ibuprofen | The transcorneal permeation across the rabbit cornea for ibuprofen-loaded NLC was three–four-times in comparison to eye drops. From the in vivo aqueous humor kinetic study, AUC and Cmax for the NLC were twice in comparison to eye drops | [129] |
NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticle.