Table 1.

Characteristics of KT interventions (sample extract of four eligible studies)

Study author and date	Country	Underlying theory	KT intervention typea	KT strategies	Participants	Personnel	Reported contextual factors
Bennett et al. 2012 [103]	Multinational – Ghana, South Africa, Uganda	NR	Integrated efforts	Research reports and publications (indirect) Verbal briefings Policy briefs Conducting policy-relevant research and analysis Providing policy advice and technical assistance in policy formulation and evaluation Conducting policy dialogues at national level	Policy-makers, donors, NGOs	Members of research institutes	NR
Delany-Moretlwe et al. 2011 [104]	South Africa	NR	Exchange efforts	Building credibility through linkages – community advisory boards, community consultation workshop, monthly meetings Multiple means of communication – drama, music, radio and community eventsSMSFace-to-face meetings, telephonically, email (especially with policy-makers) Interdisciplinary workshops	Researchers	NR	Disease burden, health system organisation, socio-political context of South Africa
Guieu et al. 2016 [72]	Multinational – Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Burkina Faso, Malawi	NR	Exchange efforts	A ‘work package’ of translation activities, including strong involvement of stakeholders through inviting policy-makers to open meetings, key-informant interviews with policy-makers, workshops with policy-makers, fora for policy-maker feedback on research projects, policy advisory boards at each site, stakeholder workshops, policy recommendations in formats adapted to policy-maker needs	Researchers	NR	Importance of context noted, but not described,LMIC settings – resource constrained
Hennink and Stephenson 2005 [105]	Multinational – Malawi, Tanzania	Models of research utilisation –rational, incremental and political models	Push efforts	Workshops Research report distributed Academic channels (journals, conference presentations)	Health researchers, policy-makers and practitioners	NR	NR

^aAccording to Lavis et al. [56] push–pull–integrated–exchange model

NR not reported