Table 1.
Comparison of the baseline characteristics of participants and non-participants in 2014, classified according to the presence or absence of fatty pancreas
| Normal pancreas | Fatty pancreas | Difference Participants only‡ |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | Non-participants | Participants | Non-participants | |||||||
| Variable | (n = 9710) | (n = 13,058) | P value* | ES† | (n = 223) | (n = 2283) | P value | ES | P value | ES |
| Sex (male/female), n | 4898/4812 | 5894/7164 | < 0.0001 | 0.05 | 158/65 | 709/1574 | < 0.0001 | 0.23 | < 0.0001 | 0.06 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 46.62 (8.66) | 47.45 (9.80) | < 0.0001 | 0.09 | 52.1 (9.26) | 51.9 (8.56) | 0.7992 | 0.02 | < 0.0001 | 0.64 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 22.23 (3.03) | 22.79 (3.32) | < 0.0001 | 0.18 | 24.29 (3.18) | 25.38 (3.59) | < 0.0001 | 0.31 | < 0.0001 | 0.69 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 109.09 (14.41) | 110.01 (14.48) | < 0.0001 | 0.06 | 115.27 (14.50) | 116.06 (14.51) | 0.4378 | 0.05 | < 0.0001 | 0.43 |
| Pulse pressure, mean (SD) | 44 .06 (8.76) | 44.47 (8.92) | 0.0003 | 0.05 | 45.97(8.72) | 46.34 (9.45) | 0.5733 | 0.04 | 0.0010 | 0.22 |
| AST/ALT, mean | 1.15 (0.36) | 1.12 (0.37) | < 0.0001 | 0.08 | 1.02 (0.31) | 0.97 (0.32) | 0.0576 | 0.16 | < 0.0001 | 0.36 |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean (SD) | 35.93 (46.82) | 38.28 (48.23) | 0.0002 | 0.05 | 52.2 (61.11) | 51.0 (57.08) | 0.7699 | 0.02 | 0.0001 | 0.35 |
| LDL/HDL, mean (SD) | 1.96 (0.70) | 2.01 (0.73) | < 0.0001 | 0.07 | 2.21 (0.69) | 2.32 (0.75) | 0.0366 | 0.15 | < 0.0001 | 0.37 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mean (SD) | 97.06 (13.97) | 98.51 (15.92) | < 0.0001 | 0.10 | 104.3 (21.93) | 105.01 (21.55) | 0.6405 | 0.03 | < 0.0001 | 0.56 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, mean (SD) | 5.55 (0.50) | 5.59 (0.56) | < 0.0001 | 0.07 | 5.83 (0.83) | 5.81 (0.76) | 0.8582 | 0.03 | < 0.0001 | 0.58 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||||
| None, n (%) | 6596 (67.93) | 8756 (67.05) | 0.2138 | 0.01 | 134 (60.09) | 1442 (63.16) | 0.6718 | 0.03 | 0.0770 | 0.03 |
| 1–139 g/week, n (%) | 1003 (10.33) | 1348 (10.32) | 25 (11.21) | 250 (10.95) | ||||||
| 140–279 g/week, n (%) | 1377 (14.18) | 1871 (14.33) | 37 (16.59) | 370 (16.21) | ||||||
| ≤ 280 g/week, n (%) | 734 (7.56) | 1083 (8.29) | 27 (12.11) | 221 (9.68) | ||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Brinkman index = 0, n (%) | 7719 (79.50) | 9898 (75.80) | < 0.0001 | 0.06 | 168 (75.34) | 1711 (74.95) | 0.3189 | 0.04 | 0.0060 | 0.04 |
| 0 < Brinkman index < 200, n (%) | 321 (3.31) | 1925 (14.74) | 4 (1.79) | 92 (4.03) | ||||||
| 200 ≤ Brinkman index < 400, n (%) | 505 (5.20) | 588 (4.50) | 8 (3.59) | 95 (4.16) | ||||||
| 400 ≤ Brinkman index, n (%) | 1165 (12.00) | 647 (4.95) | 43 (27.12) | 385 (16.86) | ||||||
AST/ALT serum aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase activity ratio, LDL/HDL serum low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio
*Aspin–Welch test, chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test
†ES: Effect size obtained using Cohen’s d with continuous variables or Cramer V and phi with categorical variables
‡Difference between participants with normal pancreas and those with fatty pancreas among participants in 2014