Hemani 1999.

Methods	Randomised trial
Participants	450 patients (total group), mean age 61 years, 98% male 9 nurses 45 doctors
Interventions	Intervention: patients allocated to nurse‐led primary care Control 1: patients allocated to trainee doctors (2nd and 3rd year residents) Control 2: patients allocated to fully trained doctors (attending doctors) Detailed description of the intervention: not available Supervision, oversight: First‐year residents and newly graduated nurse practitioners were required to present every patient to the attending doctors during the first 6 months of their appointment, whereas the remainder of residents and nurse practitioners presented cases only when they believed it to be necessary.
Outcomes	Resource utilisation: Consultation rate Tests Use of other services ‐ hospital admissions, emergency department visits, specialty visits
Notes	Country: USA Study period: 12 months Nurse role: first contact and ongoing primary care Nurse title: nurse practitioners Nurse educational background: EQF level unknown Nurse years of experience: unknown Nurse additional training: unknown
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	The sequence process included a random component. "Most patients were assigned to any available provider and these patients were then scheduled by a clerk on a computerized system for the net available appointment, regardless of the type of provider" "Our study sample makes use of this quasi random assignment".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Participants or investigators enrolling participants could not foresee assignments. A computerised system was used.
Baseline characteristics	Unclear risk	No information
Baseline outcome measurement	Unclear risk	Primary outcomes were not assessed before the intervention.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Practitioners low risk, patients no information (unclear risk) "The practitioners at the Baltimore VAMC were aware that a study of utilization patterns was being conducted, but did not know which patients were included".
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information available about follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The protocol was not available.
Contamination	Unclear risk	No information. However, the quote "For the purposes of this study, patients remained in the group to which they were initially assigned, even if their type of primary care provider changed after the first visit" suggests that contamination has occurred.
Bias due to lack of power	Unclear risk	No power calculation performed