TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics among women who had the primary outcome for newborns, by site1
| Variable | DRC | Pak | Ind | Guat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomly assigned, n | 1741 | 2015 | 1823 | 1808 |
| Women who had a live birth, n | 608 | 697 | 609 | 651 |
| Women who had the primary outcome obtained for a newborn,2n (%) | 576 (94.7) | 663 (95.1) | 591 (97.0) | 612 (94.0) |
| Maternal age, n (%) | ||||
| <20 y | 141 (24.5) | 116 (17.5) | 147 (24.9) | 90 (14.7) |
| 20–24 y | 228 (39.6) | 222 (33.5) | 317 (53.6) | 247 (40.4) |
| ≥25 y | 207 (35.9) | 325 (49.0) | 127 (21.5) | 275 (44.9) |
| Height, cm | 156.1 ± 6.2 | 152.4 ± 6.3 | 151.4 ± 5.7 | 145.5 ± 4.93 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 20.6 ± 2.6 | 19.7 ± 2.9 | 20.1 ± 3.4 | 25.4 ± 4.23 |
| <20.0 | 253 (43.9) | 381 (57.5) | 327 (55.3) | 39 (6.4) |
| <18.5 | 101 (17.5) | 235 (35.4) | 219 (37.1) | 8 (1.3) |
| Maternal education, n (%) | ||||
| No formal schooling | 135 (23.4) | 562 (84.8) | 45 (7.6) | 49 (8.0) |
| Primary | 342 (59.4) | 66 (10.0) | 93 (15.7) | 410 (67.0) |
| Secondary or more | 99 (17.2) | 35 (5.3) | 453 (76.6) | 153 (25.0) |
| Parity, n (%) | ||||
| 0 (nulliparous) | 121 (21.0) | 190 (28.7) | 151 (25.5) | 35 (5.7) |
| 1 | 135 (23.4) | 152 (22.9) | 243 (41.1) | 234 (38.2) |
| ≥2 | 320 (55.6) | 321 (48.4) | 197 (33.3) | 343 (56.0) |
| Tally of indicators of higher SES,4n (%) | ||||
| None (0 present) | 308 (53.5) | 19 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 1–2 present | 260 (45.1) | 302 (45.6) | 58 (9.8) | 73 (11.9) |
| 3–4 present | 8 (1.4) | 241 (36.3) | 376 (63.6) | 366 (59.8) |
| 5–6 present | 0 (0.0) | 101 (15.2) | 157 (26.6) | 173 (28.3) |
1Values are n, n (%), or means ± SDs. DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Guat, Guatemala; Ind, India; Pak, Pakistan; SES, socioeconomic status.
2Primary outcome obtained from ≥1 newborns of the woman.
3 n = 611 for height and BMI in Guatemala.
4The SES tally provides the number of indicators available from the following list: electricity, improved water source, sanitation, man-made flooring, improved cooking fuels, and household assets.