TABLE 2.
Overall baseline characteristics among women who had the primary outcome for newborns, by treatment arm1
| Variable | Arm 1 (n = 802, 97.0%)2 | Arm 2 (n = 835, 94.7%)2 | Arm 3 (n = 805, 94.0%)2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, n (%) | |||
| <20 y | 154 (19.2) | 184 (22.0) | 156 (19.4) |
| 20–24 y | 352 (43.9) | 339 (40.6) | 323 (40.1) |
| ≥25 y | 296 (36.9) | 312 (37.4) | 326 (40.5) |
| Maternal education,* n (%) | |||
| No formal schooling | 287 (35.8) | 252 (30.2) | 252 (31.3) |
| Primary | 263 (32.8) | 320 (38.3) | 328 (40.7) |
| Secondary or more | 252 (31.4) | 263 (31.5) | 225 (28.0) |
| Height, cm | 151.4 ± 6.6 | 151.2 ± 7.13 | 151.2 ± 7.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 21.4 ± 4.0 | 21.4 ± 4.13 | 21.5 ± 3.9 |
| <20.0 | 324 (40.4) | 347 (41.6) | 329 (40.9) |
| <18.5 | 189 (23.6) | 196 (23.5) | 178 (22.1) |
| Parity, n (%) | |||
| 0 (nulliparous) | 186 (23.2) | 165 (19.8) | 146 (18.1) |
| 1 | 244 (30.4) | 262 (31.4) | 258 (32.0) |
| ≥2 | 372 (46.4) | 408 (48.9) | 401 (49.8) |
| Tally of indicators of higher SES,4n (%) | |||
| None (0 present) | 107 (13.3) | 111 (13.3) | 109 (13.5) |
| 1–2 present | 240 (29.9) | 234 (28.0) | 219 (27.2) |
| 3–4 present | 313 (39.0) | 345 (41.3) | 333 (41.4) |
| 5–6 present | 142 (17.7) | 145 (17.4) | 144 (17.9) |
1Values are n (%) or means ± SDs. Differences between treatment arms were assessed by chi-square tests and ANOVA. *Significant difference among arms, P = 0.0081. SES, socioeconomic status.
2Primary outcome obtained from ≥1 live newborns of the woman.
3 n = 834 for height and BMI in Arm 2.
4The SES tally provides the number of indicators available from the following list: electricity, improved water source, sanitation, man-made flooring, improved cooking fuels, and household assets.