FIGURE 2.
Effect of naringin and NNK on intracellular ROS in the leukocytes. The ratio of GSSG compared with total GSH concentration, ratio of NAD(P)H compared with total NAD(P) concentration, TBARS assay for assessment of lipid peroxidation products, and intracellular peroxide production were measured in the HL-60 cells after the treatment with 100 μM naringin (A) or 200 μM NNK (B) for 24 h. Values represent the fold change over the levels observed in the control and are shown as means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. *Different from control, P < 0.05 (Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). GSH, glutathione; GSHt, total glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; H2O2, intracellular peroxide; NADPt, total NAD(P); NNK, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance.