TABLE 3.

Least-squares means of mitochondrial DNA copy number (z score) according to dietary factors in 2769 women in the Nurses’ Health Study¹

	Quartile 1		Quartile 2		Quartile 3		Quartile 4		Nominal P- trend
	Mean ± SE	P	Mean ± SE	P	Mean ± SE	P	Mean ± SE	P
Food items
Total fruit	−0.09 ± 0.05	Ref	0.02 ± 0.04	0.04	0.005 ± 0.04	0.09	0.07 ± 0.05	0.01	0.02
Whole fruit	−0.06 ± 0.05	Ref	−0.05 ± 0.04	0.79	0.02 ± 0.04	0.16	0.09 ± 0.05	0.01	0.0052
Fruit juices	−0.002 ± 0.04	Ref	−0.07 ± 0.05	0.23	0.03 ± 0.04	0.56	0.03 ± 0.04	0.58	0.16
Citrus products	−0.11 ± 0.04	Ref	0.05 ± 0.04	0.004	0.01 ± 0.04	0.04	0.04 ± 0.04	0.01	0.04
Total vegetables	0.01 ± 0.05	Ref	−0.05 ± 0.04	0.30	0.04 ± 0.04	0.49	−0.002 ± 0.05	0.89	0.76
Nutrients
Total flavonoids	−0.02 ± 0.04	Ref	0.04 ± 0.04	0.22	0.003 ± 0.04	0.61	−0.02 ± 0.04	0.94	0.62
Flavonols	−0.03 ± 0.04	Ref	0.01 ± 0.04	0.47	0.05 ± 0.04	0.17	−0.03 ± 0.04	0.91	0.71
Flavones	−0.09 ± 0.04	Ref	0.02 ± 0.04	0.05	0.05 ± 0.04	0.01	0.01 ± 0.04	0.06	0.09
Flavanones	−0.06 ± 0.04	Ref	−0.01 ± 0.04	0.35	−0.002 ± 0.04	0.27	0.07 ± 0.04	0.02	0.02
Flavan-3-ols	−0.001 ± 0.04	Ref	0.02 ± 0.04	0.64	0.002 ± 0.04	0.97	−0.03 ± 0.04	0.63	0.42
Anthocyanidins	−0.04 ± 0.04	Ref	0.01 ± 0.04	0.41	0.05 ± 0.04	0.13	−0.03 ± 0.04	0.85	0.99
Vitamin C, mg/d	−0.04 ± 0.04	Ref	−0.003 ± 0.04	0.55	0.06 ± 0.04	0.07	−0.03 ± 0.04	0.89	0.65
Vitamin E, IU/d	−0.004 ± 0.05	Ref	−0.02 ± 0.04	0.74	−0.01 ± 0.04	0.90	0.04 ± 0.04	0.45	0.26

¹Generalized linear regression models with adjustment for age at blood draw, pack-years of smoking, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, BMI, physical activity, and intakes of total calories and alcohol were used. Ref, reference.

²Significant after correction for multiple comparisons: P < 0.008 and 0.006 for food items and nutrients, respectively.