TABLE 2.

Dilution, Adulteration, Substitution of Urine Specimen⁷–⁹

Urine States	Description
Diluted	Urine creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL but < 20 mg/dL
	Specific gravity > 1.001 but < 1.003
Substituted	Urine creatinine < 2 mg/dL
	Specific gravity < 1.001 or > 1.020
Adulterated	pH < 3 or > 11
	Nitrite concentration > 500 mcg/mL
	Chromium concentration > 50 mcg/mL
	Presence of: Halogen (bleach, iodine, fluoride), glutaraldehyde, pyridine, surfactant