Table 2.
Unadjusted means (± SD) for HR-pQCT indices at the tibia and radius, according to long-term and recent weight change group
| Weight Change a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Long-term | Recent | |||||
| ≥5% loss | < 5% change | ≥5% gain | ≥5% loss | < 5% change | ≥5% gain | ||
| HR-pQCT indicesb | |||||||
| Mean ± SD or % b | |||||||
| Tibia | N=1,328 d | N=163 | N=269 | N=896 | N=299 | N=810 | N=219 |
| Ct.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 851.8 ± 79.7 | 821.1 ± 87.4 | 839.4 ± 84.7 | 861.1 ± 74.8 | 835.6 ± 86.9 | 854.8 ± 77.1 | 862.6 ± 76.2 |
| Ct.Po (%) | 10.173 ± 3.446 | 11.069 ± 3.805 | 10.779 ± 3.497 | 9.832 ± 3.310 | 10.736 ± 3.840 | 10.139 ± 3.346 | 9.520 ± 3.111 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 1.188 ± 0.308 | 1.097 ± 0.343 | 1.173 ± 0.341 | 1.209 ± 0.288 | 1.150 ± 0.325 | 1.197 ± 0.299 | 1.207 ± 0.316 |
| Tb.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 176.3 ± 41.0 | 173.3 ± 46.1 | 179.9 ± 42.8 | 175.7 ± 39.4 | 174.7 ± 43.2 | 177.7 ± 40.3 | 173.1 ± 40.3 |
| Tb.N (1/mm) | 2.065 ± 0.403 | 2.008 ± 0.439 | 2.072 ± 0.409 | 2.073 ± 0.394 | 2.022 ± 0.434 | 2.080 ± 0.392 | 2.065 ± 0.396 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.072 ± 0.012 | 0.072 ± 0.013 | 0.073 ± 0.013 | 0.071 ± 0.012 | 0.072 ± 0.012 | 0.072 ± 0.012 | 0.070 ± 0.013 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | 773.5 ± 164.9 | 817.1 ± 173.2 | 800.7 ± 173.2 | 757.5 ± 158.4 | 770.5 ± 173.7 | 782.8 ± 164.9 | 743.5 ± 148.7 |
| Tt.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 284.3 ± 61.1 | 265.4 ± 68.3 | 282.7 ± 62.8 | 288.2 ± 58.5 | 276.8 ± 66.0 | 286.2 ± 59.4 | 287.3 ± 59.7 |
| FL (N) | 6443 ± 1767 | 6301 ± 1941 | 6662 ± 1941 | 6404 ± 1674 | 6237 ± 1880 | 6569 ± 1758 | 6258 ± 1591 |
| Radius | N=1263 d | N=143 | N=252 | N=868 | N=278 | N=774 | N=211 |
| Ct.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 947.2 ± 69.8 | 928.1 ± 71.8 | 941.9 ± 65.1 | 951.9 ± 70.3 | 940.9 ± 73.5 | 947.5 ± 67.0 | 954.3 ± 74.5 |
| Ct.Po (%) | 3.942 ± 1.727 | 4.300 ± 1.715 | 4.200 ± 1.678 | 3.812 ± 1.728 | 3.972 ± 1.732 | 3.992 ± 1.683 | 3.724 ± 1.861 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 0.864 ± 0.221 | 0.818 ± 0.234 | 0.860 ± 0.234 | 0.873 ± 0.214 | 0.830 ± 0.226 | 0.872 ± 0.215 | 0.880 ± 0.230 |
| Tb.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 164.4 ± 42.9 | 161.5 ± 46.2 | 165.5 ± 45.9 | 164.5 ± 41.4 | 161.1 ± 44.1 | 165.1 ± 41.9 | 165.8 ± 44.6 |
| Tb.N (1/mm) | 2.053 ± 0.373 | 1.998 ± 0.390 | 2.026 ± 0.398 | 2.070 ± 0.361 | 2.010 ± 0.416 | 2.071 ± 0.362 | 2.046 ± 0.347 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.067 ± 0.011 | 0.068 ± 0.012 | 0.068 ± 0.012 | 0.066 ± 0.011 | 0.067 ± 0.012 | 0.067 ± 0.011 | 0.067 ± 0.012 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | 306.3 ± 80.6 | 320.6 ± 76.8 | 323.6 ± 82.8 | 298.9 ± 79.5 | 304.7 ± 85.0 | 310.1 ± 79.8 | 294.2 ± 76.5 |
| Tt.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 311.2 ± 68.6 | 294.8 ± 71.5 | 306.9 ± 67.1 | 315.1 ± 68.1 | 302.8 ± 69.9 | 312.2 ± 66.7 | 318.5 ± 72.8 |
| FL (N) | 2530 ± 795 | 2529 ± 814 | 2646 ± 868 | 2497 ± 768 | 2454 ± 801 | 2570 ± 798 | 2486 ± 771 |
Long-term (40 year) weight change was determined between the index examination (2011–2014) and enrollment (1971–1974) and expressed as a percentage of the weight at the index examination. Recent (6 year) weight change was determined between the index examination and the preceding clinic visit (2005–2008) and expressed as a percentage of the weight at the preceding clinic visit.
Ct.BMD=cortical volumetric bone mineral density, Ct.Po=cortical porosity, Ct.Th=cortical thickness, Tb.BMD=trabecular volumetric bone mineral density, Tb.N=trabecular number, Tt.BMD= total (integral) volumetric bone mineral density, Tt.CSA=total cross-sectional area (Tt.CSA, mm2), FEA=Micro finite element analysis, and FL=failure load.
Unadjusted
The sample includes 1,361 individuals with HR-pQCT measures at the tibia (N=1,328) and/or radius (N=1,263).