Table 3.
Association between long-term and recent weight change and HR-pQCT indices at the tibia and radius, adjusted for age, sex, height, current smoking, and diabetes. Beta coefficients are presented for weight change treated as a continuous variable, and least square means are presented for weight change group.
|
Weight Changea |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term | Recent | |||||||||||
| Continuous | Categorical Measure | Continuous | Categorical Measure | |||||||||
| β | P-value b | ≥5% loss | <5% change | ≥5% gain | P-value b | β | P-value b | ≥5% loss | <5% change | ≥5% gain | P-value b | |
| (Na=166) | (Na =275) | (Na =920) | (Na =301) | (Na =834) | (Na =226) | |||||||
| HR-pQCT indicesc | ||||||||||||
| Tibia (N =1,328)d | Mean e | Mean e | ||||||||||
| Ct.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.6916 | <.0001 | 833.3 | 839.1 | 858.2 | <.0001 | 1.0274 | 0.0001 | 838.9 | 853.0 | 857.2 | 0.0031 |
| Ct.Po (%) | −0.0163 | 0.0020 | 10.567 | 10.749 | 10.082 | 0.0934 | −0.0405 | 0.0014 | 10.718 | 10.256 | 9.904 | 0.0057 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 0.0027 | <.0001 | 1.125 | 1.169 | 1.228 | <.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.0033 | 1.175 | 1.202 | 1.222 | 0.0347 |
| Tb.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.1683 | 0.0045 | 168.0 | 173.8 | 174.8 | 0.0363 | −0.0009 | 0.9949 | 172.9 | 173.9 | 173.4 | 0.8765 |
| Tb.N (1/mm) | 0.0040 | <.0001 | 1.973 | 2.023 | 2.087 | 0.0003 | 0.0037 | 0.0069 | 2.021 | 2.059 | 2.093 | 0.0252 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | −0.0001 | 0.0066 | 0.072 | 0.072 | 0.070 | 0.2709 | −0.0001 | 0.0251 | 0.072 | 0.071 | 0.070 | 0.0467 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | −0.3338 | 0.0334 | 800.2 | 780.3 | 769.2 | 0.0003 | −0.6510 | 0.0833 | 782.9 | 777.9 | 763.8 | 0.0295 |
| Tt.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.5612 | <.0001 | 266.3 | 278.1 | 288.1 | <.0001 | 0.4994 | 0.0131 | 277.2 | 283.5 | 287.1 | 0.0344 |
| FL (N) | 6.9252 | <.0001 | 6251 | 6402 | 6492 | 0.0074 | 5.4482 | 0.1659 | 6372 | 6478 | 6413 | 0.6548 |
| Radius (N =1263) d | ||||||||||||
| Ct.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.2526 | 0.0175 | 941.0 | 943.8 | 946.1 | 0.4019 | 0.4658 | 0.0701 | 941.1 | 946.1 | 946.1 | 0.4065 |
| Ct.Po (%) | −0.0029 | 0.2854 | 4.013 | 4.140 | 3.992 | 0.8977 | −0.0036 | 0.5919 | 4.040 | 4.050 | 3.961 | 0.6099 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 0.0015 | <.0001 | 0.836 | 0.853 | 0.881 | 0.0109 | 0.0023 | 0.0024 | 0.844 | 0.873 | 0.885 | 0.0208 |
| Tb.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.2546 | <.0001 | 158.2 | 160.7 | 166.2 | 0.0240 | 0.2740 | 0.0664 | 161.6 | 163.3 | 167.5 | 0.0888 |
| Tb.N (1/mm) | 0.0033 | <.0001 | 1.983 | 2.010 | 2.107 | 0.0002 | 0.0028 | 0.0420 | 2.030 | 2.080 | 2.081 | 0.1150 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.0000 | 0.5956 | 0.066 | 0.066 | 0.066 | 0.5388 | 0.0000 | 0.9516 | 0.066 | 0.065 | 0.066 | 0.8347 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | −0.0995 | 0.1914 | 313.6 | 315.1 | 312.0 | 0.7115 | −0.1151 | 0.5320 | 315.6 | 313.1 | 309.2 | 0.1374 |
| Tt.BMD (mgHA/cm3) | 0.5562 | <.0001 | 298.8 | 304.1 | 314.9 | 0.0057 | 0.6592 | 0.0078 | 303.5 | 310.5 | 317.0 | 0.0189 |
| FL (N) | 1.9216 | 0.0125 | 2478 | 2549 | 2567 | 0.0447 | 2.5247 | 0.1748 | 2519 | 2560 | 2564 | 0.2887 |
Long-term (40 year) weight change was determined between the index examination (2011–2014) and enrollment (1971–1974) and expressed as a percentage of the weight at the index examination. Recent (6 year) weight change was determined between the index examination and the preceding clinic visit (2005–2008) and expressed as a percentage of the weight at the preceding clinic visit.
Bold indicates p-values <0.05
. Ct.BMD=cortical volumetric bone mineral density, Ct.Po=cortical porosity, Ct.Th=cortical thickness, Tb.BMD=trabecular volumetric bone mineral density, Tb.N=trabecular number, Tt.BMD= total (integral) volumetric bone mineral density, Tt.CSA=total cross-sectional area (Tt.CSA, mm2), FEA=Micro finite element analysis, and FL=failure load
The sample includes 1,361 individuals with HR-pQCT measures at the tibia (N=1,328) and/or radius (N=1,263).
Adjusted for age, sex, height, current smoking, and diabetes