Fig 3. Vector infection with the WNV in the EMRO region.

From each study, only the names of vector species with evidence of WNV infection are written on the map. Countries, from which the main vector for WNV (i.e., Cx. pipiens s.l.) was detected, are colored in orange. These countries include Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, and Tunisia, all of which showed evidence of infection in the vector Cx. pipiens s.l.. Countries with no data on study on vectors are colored in gray. Among countries with available data, only Lebanon had zero infection rates for all studied vector species.