Table 2.
Amount of alcohol consumption and the risk of incident pulmonary embolism.
| N Cases | HRadj* | 95% CI | N Cases | HRadj*,‡ | 95% CI | N Cases | HRadj* | 95% CI | N Cases | HRadj* | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHS N=74,841; 917 events | NHS II N=93,123; 540 events | HPFS N=49,157; 482 events | Pooled Analysis§ N=217,121; 1939 events | |||||||||
| Abstainers | 314 | 1.00 | reference | 54 | 1.00 | reference | 44 | 1.00 | reference | 412 | 1.00 | reference |
| Former Drinkers | 126 | 1.24 | (1.01, 1.54) | 193 | 1.38 | (1.02, 1.88) | 73 | 0.89 | (0.60, 1.31) | 392 | 1.19 | (0.96, 1.47) |
| 0.1–4.9 g/day | 251 | 1.06 | (0.89, 1.26) | 173 | 1.14 | (0.83, 1.56) | 99 | 0.89 | (0.62, 1.28) | 523 | 1.05 | (0.91, 1.20) |
| 5.0–14.9 g/day | 137 | 0.96 | (0.78, 1.18) | 89 | 1.23 | (0.86, 1.74) | 104 | 0.79 | (0.55, 1.13) | 330 | 0.97 | (0.79, 1.20) |
| 15.0–29.9 g/day | 53 | 0.96 | (0.71, 1.30) | 22 | 1.09 | (0.65, 1.81) | 90 | 1.05 | (0.72, 1.53) | 165 | 1.01 | (0.82, 1.25) |
| ≥30.0 g/day | 36 | 0.96 | (0.67, 1.37) | 9 | 0.96 | (0.47, 1.97) | 72 | 1.12 | (0.75, 1.66) | 117 | 1.02 | (0.79, 1.31) |
| Linear P-Trend† | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | ||||||||
| Quadratic P-Trend† | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | ||||||||
Analyses are stratified by age (in months) and adjusted for smoking (never, former, 1–14 cigarettes/day, 15–24 cigarettes/day, ≥25 cigarettes/day, missing), BMI (continuous and indicator for missing), prevalent diabetes, prevalent hypertension, prevalent hypercholesterolemia, prevalent MI/angina, prevalent cancer, race (white vs. non-white), aspirin use (including missing indicator), physical activity (continuous and indicator for missing), caloric intake (continuous), HT use (including missing indicator; in women only), and OC use (including missing indicator; in NHS II only).
P-trends estimated by skipping person-time for former drinkers.
NHS II n is smaller in Table 2 than in Table 1 because person-time for pregnant women is skipped during follow-up.
NHS, NHS II, and HPFS cohorts were meta-analyzed to estimate a pooled summary HR. All p-values for between study heterogeneity >0.05.
Abbreviations: adj = adjusted; CI = confidence interval; HPFS = Health Professionals Follow-up Study; HR = hazard ratio; NHS = Nurses’ Health Study; PE = pulmonary embolism.