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. 2019 Jan 1;71(1):79–89. doi: 10.1007/s10616-018-0267-8

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Postulated mechanistic action (×) of Parkia speciosa extract (PSE) on inflammatory pathway. PSE reduces the TNF-α-induced activation of p38 MAPK and NFkB p65 by reducing the phosphorylation of IκBα, thus reducing iNOS, COX-2 and VCAM-1 expressions, as well as NO and ROS levels