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. 2019 Feb 8;10:662. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08607-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Central ablation of growth hormone receptor (GHR) prevents energy-saving adaptations during food restriction (F.R.) a Reduction in energy expenditure (VO₂) during the days of F.R. compared to baseline (F.R. 1, F_(2, 20) = 4.792, P = 0.0199; F.R. 2, F_(2, 20) = 4.707, P = 0.0212; F.R. 3, F_(2, 18) = 8.695, P = 0.0023; F.R. 4, F_(2, 18) = 9.151, P = 0.0018; n = 5–10). b Body weight changes during F.R. (main effect of F.R. [F_(7, 315) = 1011, P < 0.0001], main effect of GHR ablation [F_(2, 45) = 2.258, P = 0.1163] and interaction [F_(14, 315) = 3.189, P = 0.0001]; n = 14–20; *P < 0.05, LepR GHR KO vs. control mice; ^#P < 0.05, brain GHR knockout (KO) vs. control mice; Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc test). c UCP-1 mRNA expression in the brown adipose tissue (BAT; main effect of F.R. [F_(1, 32) = 1.374, P = 0.2499], main effect of GHR ablation [F_(2, 32) = 3.646, P = 0.0652] and interaction [F_(2, 32) = 5.547, P = 0.0248]) of LepR GHR KO mice. d Blood glucose changes during F.R. (main effect of time [F_(7, 315) = 65.76, P < 0.0001], main effect of GHR ablation [F_(2, 45) = 4.866, P = 0.0122] and interaction [F_(14, 315) = 1.491, P = 0.1125]) and Fisher's LSD post-hoc test (*P < 0.05, LepR GHR KO vs. control mice; ^#P < 0.05, brain GHR KO vs. control mice; ^†P < 0.05, LepR GHR KO vs. brain GHR KO mice; n = 14–15). e Food intake after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 2-deoxi-d-glucose (2DG; 0.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.); n = 6–14). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Newman–Keuls test were used when the data of control, LepR GHR KO and brain GHR KO mice were compared. The changes in body weight and glycemia or the effects of 2DG were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. All results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m.