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. 2019 Feb 9;10:14. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0307-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Evaluation of sperm-MNP conjugate interactions, using TEM (A), AFM/MFM (B), and Hyperspectral (C) imaging. Cross-sectioned spermatozoa revealed single-point (A1) and multi-point (A2) attachments of MNP conjugates to spermatozoa. Micrograph indicates Lectin-MNP targeting in the sperm head (arrow) region (B). Hyperspectral library and control boar spermatozoa allowing calibration to detect MNP conjugates are shown in C1 and C2 micrographs, respectively. Micrographs C3a and C4a are optical images of corresponding hyperspectral mapped Annexin V- (C3b) and Lectin- (C3b) MNP appearing as red spots indicated by arrows. Inserts show main localization of MNP within the sperm head