Table 1.

Differences between Self-Directed and Instruction Based Learning

Program	Self-directed learning (1)	Instruction-based learning (2)
Program outcomes	Pre-defined	Pre-defined
Learning goals	Self-directed for each program activity	Pre-defined for each scheduled program activity
Learning content	Self-directed for each program activity	Preset for each scheduled program activity
Learning activities	Self-directed for each program activity, no teacher manual.	Instruction based for each scheduled program activity, supported by a teacher manual.
Role of teacher	Coach in choosing relevant personal learning goals and learning activities. Providing performance feedback.	Coach in guiding learning activities towards pre-defined learning goals. Providing performance feedback.
Monitoring learning progress	Student in the lead	Teacher in the lead
Assessment of learning outcomes.	Pre-defined	Pre-defined
Assessment criteria and procedure	Pre-defined	Pre-defined