Table 2.
Univariate analysis of possible risk factors for low back pain (LBP) in the past 12 months among study (n = 740) health care workers (HCWs)
| Characteristics | Total number of HCWs | LBP in the past 12 months | OR(95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | |||
| Level of healthcare | ||||
| Primary | 176 | 114 | 64.8 | Ref |
| Secondary and tertiary | 564 | 433 | 76.7 | 1.80 (1.25–2.59) |
| Sex | 7 | |||
| Male | 403 | 293 | 2.7 | Ref |
| Female | 337 | 254 | 75.4 | 1.15 (0.83–1.60) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 20- | 232 | 158 | 68.1 | Ref |
| 30- | 319 | 255 | 79.9 | 1.87 (1.26–2.75) |
| 40- | 131 | 93 | 71.0 | 1.15 (0.72–1.83 |
| > 50 | 58 | 41 | 70.7 | 1.13 (0.60–2.12) |
| Job title | ||||
| Physician | 353 | 259 | 73.2 | Ref |
| Nurse | 214 | 156 | 72.9 | 0.99 (0.67–1.45) |
| Paramedic | 145 | 108 | 74.5 | 1.07 (0.69–1.66) |
| Dentist | 27 | 25 | 88.9 | 2.93 (0.86–9.97) |
| Experience in years | ||||
| Less than 5 | 100 | 69 | 69.0 | Ref |
| 5–10 | 283 | 205 | 72.4 | 1.18 (0.72–1.94) |
| More than 10 | 357 | 273 | 76.5 | 1.46 (0.90–2.38) |
| Work conditions | ||||
| Long standing | 126 | 86 | 68.3 | Ref |
| Long sitting | 290 | 225 | 77.6 | 1.61 (1.01–2.56) |
| Both | 324 | 236 | 72.8 | 1.25 (0.80–1.95) |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal weight | 282 | 201 | 71.3 | Ref |
| Overweight | 321 | 235 | 73.2 | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) |
| Obese | 137 | 111 | 81.0 | 1.72 (1.04–2.83) |
| Health status | ||||
| No chronic disease | 586 | 428 | 73.0% | Ref |
| One or more chronic diseases | 154 | 119 | 77.3 | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) |
| Regular physical activity | ||||
| No | 227 | 157 | 69.2 | Ref |
| Yes | 513 | 390 | 76.0 | 0.70 (0.5–0.99) |
| Back Traumaa | ||||
| No | 637 | 448 | 70.3 | Ref |
| Yes | 103 | 99 | 96.1 | 10.44 (3.79-28.78) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No | 656 | 484 | 73.8 | Ref |
| Yes | 84 | 63 | 75.0 | 1.07 (0.63–1.80) |
Bold aOR (95% CI) are statistically significant
OR odds ratio for studied factors, (95% CI) 95% confidence interval
aOverexertional trauma, fall, or lifting heavy objects