Fig. 7.

Bazedoxifene inhibited HCT-15 and DLD-1 tumor growth in vivo. HCT-15 cells (1 × 10⁷) were injected subcutaneously into nude mice with an equal volume of matrigel. When palpable tumors had formed 5 days later, vehicle or 10 mg/kg bazedoxifene was orally gavaged daily. a: Tumor volumes were calculated from serial caliper measurements. b: After two weeks of treatment, all mice were euthanized, the tumor mass was resected, and the total mass of each tumor was determined at autopsy (n = 4 mice per treatment group). c: p-STAT3, STAT3, p-AKT, AKT, p-ERK and ERK were determined using western blot analysis of the harvested tumor tissue. GAPDH served as a loading control. DLD-1 cells (1 × 10⁷) were injected subcutaneously into nude mice with an equal volume of matrigel. When palpable tumors had formed 5 days later, vehicle, 10 mg/kg bazedoxifene, 5 mg/kg oxaliplatin or their combination were orally gavaged daily. d: Tumor volumes were calculated from serial caliper measurements. e: After two weeks of treatment, all mice were euthanized. The tumor mass was resected, and the total mass of the individual tumor was determined at autopsy (n = 5 mice per treatment group). F: The phosphorylation level of STAT3, AKT and ERK was determined using western blot analysis of the harvested tumor tissue. GAPDH served as a loading control. (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)