Table 1.

The object and function of miRNAs in cardiac therapy.

miRNA		Object	Function	Ref
miR-1	Inhibition	myoD	Reprogram fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes muscle growth and differentiation	[98]
miR-1–2	Inhibition	Irx4, Hrt2, Hand1, Gata6	Regulation of cardiac growth and differentiation, electrical conduction, and cell-cycle control	[99]
miR-126	Inhibition	Spred1, PIK3R2/p85-β	Directly repressing negative regulators of the VEGF pathway; regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity; stem/progenitor cells differentiation	[100]
miR-132	Inhibition	RasGAP-p120	Enhancing tube formation in endothelial cells	[101]
miR-133a	Inhibition	SRF, cyclin D2,	Regulation of cardiac growth and differentiation, electrical conduction, and cell-cycle control	[102]
miR-146	Inhibition	IRAK and TRAF6	Preventing NF-κB activation, inflammatory cell infiltration	[103]
miR-15a, miR-195	Inhibition	Chek1	Cardiac regeneration; associated with an increased number of mitotic cardiomyocytes	[104]
miR-17–92	Inhibition	STAT3, PTEN	Cardiac development and regeneration; cardiomyocyte proliferation in postnatal and adult hearts	[105]
miR-19a	Inhibition	PTEN; SPRY2	Antiapoptotic; stem/progenitor cells differentiation; the activation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways	[106]
miR-204	Inhibition	Jarid2	The proliferation and differentiation of human cardiomyo-cyte progenitor cells (hCMPCs) into cardiomyocytes	[107]
miR-21	Inhibition	PTEN PI3K	Induced angiogenesis; AKT and ERK activation	[108]
miR-210	Inhibition	ephrin A3 and PTP1b	Inhibiting apoptosis in cardiomyocytic cells	[109]
miR-22	Inhibition	Mecp2	Reduced cardiac fibrosis; reduced apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes, ameliorated fibrosis, and improved cardiac function post-MI	[110]
miR-221	Inhibition	BIM/BCL2L11; p53	Vascular remodeling; increasing efficiency of cardiac cell transplantation and heart regeneration	[111]
miR-208	Inhibition	β-MHC	Enhance the reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes	[112]
miR-294	Promotion	c-myc; Klf4	Plays a central role in regulating CPC cell cycle in association with promoting proliferation, survival	[93]
miR-302	Inhibition	Hippo pathway	Cardiac regeneration persistent dedifferentiation in cardiomyocytes	[97]
miR-451	Inhibition	GATA4	Inhibiting caspase 3/7 activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis	[113]
miR-499	Inhibition	Sox6, Rod1	Enhance the reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes	[114]