Table 1:
Selected findings from candidate gene studies of opioid use disorder
| Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Variants | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPRM1 | Mu-Opioid Receptor | rs1799971 | Possible small effect on OUD risk in individuals of European descent | [17] |
| rs3778150 | Associated with OUD in European- and African-Americans. Expression QTL for OPRM1 in prefrontal cortex | [18] | ||
| OPRD1 | Delta-Opioid Receptor | rs2236857 | Associated with OUD in individuals of European descent | [7,22,23] |
| rs2236861 | ||||
| rs3766951 | ||||
| DRD2 | Dopamine Receptor D2 | rs1800497 | Associated with OUD in individuals of Asian or European descent | [26–31] |
| rs1079597 | ||||
| BDNF | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor | rs6265 | Associated with OUD in individuals of Asian descent. Possible association with age of onset | [32–35] |
QL, quantitative train locus; OUD, opioid use disorder