Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for demographics, observed indicators of risk factors, prescription drug misuse, and illicit drug use (N = 191).
| Variable Demographics | Categories | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age group | 18–21 years | 60 (31.4) |
| 22–25 years | 66 (34.6) | |
| 26–29 years | 65 (34.0) | |
| Race | White/Caucasian | 64 (33.5) |
| Non-Whites/racial/ethnic minorities: | 127 (66.5) | |
| Black/African American | 71 (37.2) | |
| Multiracial | 35 (18.3) | |
| Other (incl. Hispanic) | 17 (8.9) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 2 (1.0) | |
| Native American | 2 (1.0) | |
| Sexual identity | Gay/homosexual | 109 (57.1) |
| Bisexual/heterosexual/other | 82 (42.9) | |
| Risk factors | Mean (SD) | |
| Childhood abuse (CTQ) | Emotional | 13.1 (6.1) |
| Above threshold (N; %) | 125 (65.5) | |
| Physical (n = 189) | 10.0 (5.2) | |
| Above threshold (N; %) | 103 (54.5) | |
| Sexual (n = 188) | 8.6 (5.2) | |
| Above threshold (N; %) | 71 (37.8) | |
| Discrimination | Experience of homophobia (n = 189) | 7.5 (4.3) |
| Experience of racism (n = 189) | 2.9 (2.9) | |
| Experience of social | 2.5 (2.9) | |
| racism/homophobia | ||
| Internalized homophobia (n = 183) | 5.3 (5.3) | |
| Mental health distress (BSI) | Depression | 66.8 (12.2) |
| Anxiety | 66.5 (12.5) | |
| Somatization | 59.9 (12.3) | |
| General stress appraisal | 20.9 (7.5) | |
| Substance use in past 6 months | N (%) | |
| Opioids (range of misused pills: 0–2890) | 150 (78.5) | |
| Tranquilizers (range of misused pills: 0–1800) | 154 (80.6) | |
| Stimulants (range of misused pills: 0–850) | 100 (52.4) | |
| Illicit drugs | 108 (56.5) | |
| Marijuana | 146 (76.5) | |
Notes: CTQ – Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; BSI – Brief Symptoms Inventory 18, values represent T scores based on gender specific community norms.