Table 3.

Multivariable regression analyses of risk factors for increased prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use.

	Rx opioids (IRR, 95% CI)	Rx tranquilizers (IRR, 95% CI)	Rx stimulants (IRR, 95% CI)	Illicit drugs use (OR, 95% CI)
Demographics
Age^a	1.90 (1.26–2.89)^**	1.38 (0.92–2.06)	1.27 (0.83–1.94)	1.42 (0.91–2.21)
Race – non-White	0.72 (0.34–1.55)	0.46 (0.22–0.99)^*	0.35 (0.24–0.94)^*	0.38 (0.17–0.85)^*
Sex identity – non-Gay	2.69 (1.21–5.98)^**	2.91 (1.33–6.35)^**	3.04 (1.16–7.92)^*	1.18 (0.53–2.65)
Risk factors
Childhood Abuse
Emotional abuse	0.97 (0.36–2.62)	0.67 (0.27–1.67)	1.19 (0.45–3.15)	1.43 (0.60–3.42)
Physical abuse	2.60 (1.07–6.28)^*	1.94 (0.86–4.39)	0.68 (0.20–1.69)	0.65 (0.27–1.55)
Sexual abuse	1.07 (0.49–2.33)	0.99 (0.43–2.24)	0.95 (0.38–2.37)	1.06 (0.41–2.73)
Discrimination
Racism	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	0.89 (0.79–1.01)	1.01 (0.85–1.22)	1.15 (1.00–1.32)^*
Homophobia	1.06 (0.97–1.15)	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	1.09 (0.98–1.22)	0.98 (0.89–1.07)
Social homophobia/racism	0.96 (0.83–1.11)	1.11 (0.96–1.28)	1.16 (1.00–1.34)^*	1.01 (0.86–1.18)
Internalized homophobia	0.97 (0.92–1.03)	0.95 (0.89–1.01)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)	1.03 (0.95–1.11)
Mental health distress
Depression	0.96 (0.92–1.00)^*	1.00 (0.96–1.05)	1.04 (1.00–1.09)^*	1.03 (0.98–1.08)
Anxiety	1.02 (0.99–1.06)	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	0.97 (0.92–1.01)
Somatization	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	1.02 (0.99–1.05)	1.08 (1.03–1.12)^***	1.05 (1.01–1.09)^*
General stress appraisal	1.09 (1.02–1.17)^**	1.07 (1.00–1.14)^*	0.95 (0.88–1.02)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)

Bolded values denote statistical significance.

Age represents the increase in likelihood of the outcome for each age category.

≤0.05.

^**

≤0.01.

^***

≤0.001.