Fig. 1. Effect of adzuki bean extract on in vitro Aβ₄₂ aggregation.

(A) The Aβ₄₂ solution was incubated at 37℃ for 24 h in the absence (white bar) or presence (black bar) of various concentrations of the adzuki extract (0.01–1 mg/mL). The samples were evaluated by examining ThT fluorescence. Emission wavelength was monitored at 490 nm and excitation at 446 nm. The results are expressed as Means±SEM for three independent determinations. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 compared with the control, n = 3. (B) TEM results; the Aβ₄₂ solution was incubated at 37℃ for 24 h in the absence or presence of indicated concentrations of the adzuki extract. In each case, the scale bar represents 200 nm.