Table 2.

Relative risks of health service use, PAHs, and falls in each year before index date (N = 19,679 matched pairs)

Condition	Time before index date
	Year 3				Year 2				Year 1
	AD	Controls	RR	P	AD	Controls	RR	P	AD	Controls	RR	P
	%	%	AD/controls		%	%	AD/controls		%	%	AD/controls
All-cause ED visits	37.2	27.5	1.35	**	41.8	29.0	1.44	**	60.2	37.0	1.62	**
All-cause hospitalizations	20.2	15.5	1.30	**	23.4	15.7	1.49	**	37.6	22.5	1.67	**
Any PAH	6.5	4.8	1.35	**	8.3	5.5	1.51	**	14.6	8.6	1.70	**
PAH for chronic conditions
Short-term complications of diabetes	0.05	0.02	2.25		0.07	0.03	2.17		0.15	0.04	3.75	**
Long-term complications of diabetes	1.2	0.7	1.61	**	1.4	0.8	1.89	**	2.4	1.2	1.95	**
COPD/asthma	2.6	2.2	1.17	*	3.3	2.7	1.23	**	5.5	4.2	1.32	**
Hypertension	0.1	0.1	1.16		0.1	0.1	1.25		0.2	0.2	1.00
Heart failure	1.9	1.6	1.17	*	2.5	1.9	1.31	**	4.9	3.4	1.45	**
PAH for acute conditions
Dehydration	0.4	0.2	1.93	**	0.4	0.1	2.88	**	0.7	0.2	3.72	**
Bacterial pneumonia	1.1	0.8	1.36	**	1.5	1.0	1.60	**	2.5	1.6	1.59	**
Urinary tract infection	1.0	0.4	2.44	**	1.5	0.6	2.60	**	3.5	0.6	5.35	**
Any fall	7.0	3.4	2.04	**	6.9	3.0	2.27	**	10.6	3.8	2.80	**

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; PAH, potentially avoidable hospitalization; RR, risk ratio.

**P < .01 and *P < .05, evaluated using McNemar's tests for proportions and Wilcoxon sign-rank test for continuous measures.