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. 2019 Feb 4;6:5. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00005

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Hu, Li and Kong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antibody responses induced by the Δfur mutant in ducks. Ducks (n = 5) were orally immunized with the Δfur mutant strain twice at an interval of 10 days. Subsequently, the responses of serum IgY specific to whole-bacterial antigens (A) and OMPs (C) and the responses of bile IgA specific to whole-bacterial antigen (B) and OMPs (D) were measured using indirect ELISA. The data are expressed as the means ± SD analyzed with significance levels set to 0.01 (**) and 0.001 (***).