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. 2019 Feb 4;10:108. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00108

Table 1.

Difference of pneumonitis and pneumonia associated with Immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Pneumonitis Pneumonia
Cause Immune checkpoint inhibitors Infection including Bacteria, fungus, viruses
Symptoms Shortness of breath, dry cough (occasionally, low-grade fever) Coughing up sputum, shortness of breath, fever (or no sputum or fever)
Symptom duration Weeks, months or even lifelong if it becomes chronic A week to few months
Diagnosis CT, PFT(pulmonary function test), lung biopsy X-ray, blood and sputum culture, etc
Primary mechanism Autoimmune(not clearly) and inflammation pulmonary inflammatory response to mainly bacteria and bacterial products, etc
Treatment Steroids, oxygen Antibiotics, anti-viral, anti-fungal therapy, etc