Table 1.
Characteristics of study sample of Baltimore public housing residents by personal vehicle access status.
| Vehicle access (n = 112) | No vehicle access (n = 152) | p-Value⁎ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age in years (SD) | 42.0 (11.7) | 46.2 (12.7) | 0.01 |
| % women | 88.4 | 84.3 | 0.34 |
| % Black | 97.3 | 94.1 | 0.22 |
| % graduated high school | 69.6 | 64.1 | 0.34 |
| % unemployed | 38.4 | 30.1 | 0.16 |
| Mean comorbidity risk scorea (SD) | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.9) | 0.01 |
| Mean body mass index in kg/m2 (SD) | 32.4 (10.2) | 32.8 (10.1) | 0.75 |
| Perceived neighborhood attributes | |||
| % daytime crime affects ability to go out | 63.4 | 61.4 | 0.75 |
| % nighttime crime affects ability to go out | 79.5 | 79.1 | 0.94 |
| % easy transport to healthy food stores | 92.0 | 82.4 | 0.02 |
| % easy transport to recreation facilities | 91.1 | 79.7 | 0.01 |
| Dependent variablesb | |||
| % high fruit & vegetable intake (≥6.7 servings/day) | 28.6 | 23.5 | 0.35 |
| % high added sugar intake (≥39.9 tsp/day) | 26.8 | 24.2 | 0.63 |
| % food insecure | 57.1 | 74.5 | <0.01 |
| % physically active | 24.1 | 17.0 | 0.15 |
p-Values calculated using t-tests and Chi2 tests, as appropriate. Bold text in the table highlights statistically significant results.
Score calculated based on the methods of the Seattle Index of Comorbidity (Fan et al., 2002).
Dietary variables estimated using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 5-factor dietary screener (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), food insecurity assessed with 2-item screener focused on economic food insecurity (Hager et al., 2010), and physical activity assessed using the Lipid Research Clinics questionnaire (Ainsworth et al., 1993) where being ‘physically active’ defined as levels of high or moderate leisure time activity.