Table 1.
VNS leading to seizure aggravation.
| Author/year | Patient | Seizures | Epilepsy | Time to seizure aggravation from implantation | Stimulus output current (mA) | Increase in usual seizures | New motor seizures | Recovery after turned off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koutroumanidis 2000 | 20 yo female | FA, FIA, F-TCS | Left occipital | 4 monthsa | 2.5 | Yes | Yes | 2 days |
| Murr 2011 | 51 yo male | CPS, SG-TCS | Left frontal | 3 days | 0.25b | No | Yes | 2 days |
| Arhan 2018 | 12 yo girl | CPS, SG-TCS, DA | Left parieto-occipital | 3 monthsc | 2.0 | No | Yesd | 1 day |
Abbreviations: FA: focal aware seizures, FIA: focal impaired awareness seizures, F-TCS: focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, DA: drop attacks.
a
2 days after increasing output from 2.25 mA to 2.5 mA.
b
Increasing seizures directly related to increase in the output (especially at 0.5 mA).
c
1 day after increasing output from 1.5 mA to 2.0 mA.
d
Status epilepticus.