Fig. 1.

Difference (95%CI) in annual BMI and waist circumference change over 5-year follow-up across baseline psychological- or language-based acculturation tertiles.

Figure legend: Psychological-based acculturation was assessed by asking to which cultural group(s) individuals most identified for questions related to attachment and belonging. Language-based acculturation was assessed by asking which language(s) individuals used for usual daily activities. Baseline psychological- and language-based acculturation scores were categorized into tertiles (psychological-based acculturation = more Puerto Rican, 0–14.9; middle, 15–20.9; more U.S., 21–50; language-based acculturation = more Spanish-speaking, 0–8.3; middle, 8.3–34.9; more English-speaking, 35–100). Linear mixed effects regression models with robust standard error estimators were fit to examine baseline psychological- or language-based acculturation tertiles as the predictor and change in BMI or waist circumference over 5-year follow-up as the outcome, and were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education status, household income, current employment, food insufficiency, health insurance, age at migration, and smoking status.