Table 1.

The ASA-Physical Status Classification System Assignment [10]

ASA-PS classification	Definition	Examples
I	A normal healthy patient	Healthy, non-smoking, no or minimal alcohol use
II	A patient with mild systemic disease	Mild diseases only without substantive functional limitations. Examples include (but not limited to): current smoker, social alcohol drinker, pregnancy, obesity (30 < BMI < 40), well-controlled DM/HTN, mild lung disease
III	A patient with severe systemic disease	Substantive functional limitations; One or more moderate to severe disease. Examples include (but not limited to): poorly controlled DM or HTN, COPD, morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40), active hepatitis, alcohol dependence or abuse, implanted pacemaker, moderate reduction of ejection fraction, ESRD undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis, premature infant, history (> 3 months) of MI, CVA, TIA, or CAD/stents
IV	A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life	Examples include (but not limited to): recent (< 3 months) MI, CVA, TIA, or CAD/stents, ongoing cardiac ischemia or severe valve dysfunction, severe reduction of ejection fraction, sepsis, DIC, ARD or ESRD not undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis
V	A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation	Examples include (but not limited to): ruptured abdominal/thoracic aneurysm, massive trauma, intracranial bleed with mass effect, ischemic bowel in the face of significant cardiac pathology or multiple organ/system dysfunction
VI	A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI: body mass index (kg/m²), DM: diabetes mellitus, HTN: hypertension, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, MI: myocardial infarction, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, TIA: transient ischemic attack, CAD: coronary artery disease, DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation, ARD: acute renal disease.