Table 1.

The cannabinoid receptors of the endocannabinoid system and their mechanism of action.

Cannabinoid receptor	Expression in the body	Mechanism of action
CB1 Ra	Presynaptic terminals of peripheral nociceptors and neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord [12,13].	Presynaptic activation of CB1 R results in the reduction of nociceptive transmission by reducing a release of neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate [13].
CB2 Rb	Cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages along with lymphoid tissues in the spleen and lungs.	Activation of CB2 R decreases the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, ultimately resulting in reduced inflammation, nociception, and hyperalgesia.

^aCB₁ R: cannabinoid receptor type 1.

^bCB₂ R: cannabinoid receptor type 2.