Table 1.
Percentage of US Pregnant Women Who Were Seropositive for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and Who Were Seronegative for Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 by Demographic and Behavioral Factors: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014
| Sample Size | HSV-1 Seropositive | HSV-2 Seropositive | HSV-1 and HSV-2 Seronegative | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No.a | (%b) | %b | (95% CI) | Prevalence Ratio | (95% CI) | %b | (95% CI) | Prevalence Ratio | (95% CI) | %b | (95% CI) | Prevalence Ratio | (95% CI) |
| Total | 1215 | … | 59.3 | (54.7–63.9) | … | … | 21.1 | (17.0–(25.2) | … | … | 30.6 | (25.8–35.3) | … | … |
| Age, y | ||||||||||||||
| 20–29 | 792 | (60.8) | 58.5 | (52.5–64.4) | … | … | 16.8 | (12.9–20.7) | … | … | 32.1 | (25.9–38.4) | … | … |
| 30–39 | 423 | (39.2) | 60.5 | (53.1–67.9) | 1.0 | (.9–1.2) | 27.8 | (20.0–35.5) | 1.7 | (1.2–2.3) | 28.2 | (21.4–34.9) | 0.9 | (.6–1.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 544 | (64.6) | 46.2 | (39.5–53.0) | … | … | 16.2 | (10.1–22.3) | … | … | 43.0 | (36.1–49.9) | … | … |
| Non-Hispanic black | 182 | (18.0) | 69.5 | (61.4–77.6) | 1.5 | (1.2–1.8) | 51.4 | (42.9–60.0) | 3.2 | (2.1–4.7) | 11.4 | (5.7–17.1) | 0.3 | (.2–0.4) |
| Mexican American | 331 | (17.4) | 88.8 | (83.7–93.9) | 1.9 | (1.6–2.3) | 16.0 | (9.9–22.0) | 1.0 | (.6–1.6) | 7.1 | (3.1–11.1) | 0.2 | (.1–0.3) |
| Educational level | ||||||||||||||
| High school or less | 573 | (37.3) | 70.9 | (64.0–77.9) | 1.4 | (1.2–1.6) | 23.4 | (17.4–29.3) | 1.2 | (.8–1.7) | 18.1 | (11.1–25.0) | 0.5 | (.3–0.7) |
| More than high school | 642 | (62.7) | 52.3 | (46.2–58.5) | … | … | 19.7 | (14.4–25.1) | … | … | 38.0 | (31.8–44.2) | … | … |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 770 | (65.8) | 56.3 | (50.3–62.4) | … | … | 15.1 | (10.3–19.9) | … | … | 36.2 | (30.1–42.2) | … | … |
| Other | 407 | (34.2) | 63.7 | (57.0–70.4) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.3) | 30.8 | (24.9–36.7) | 2.0 | (1.4–2.9) | 21.2 | (14.8–27.7) | 0.6 | (.4–0.8) |
| Poverty index | ||||||||||||||
| Below poverty level | 299 | (21.9) | 78.2 | (71.8–84.5) | 1.5 | (1.3–1.7) | 26.9 | (21.1–32.7) | 1.4 | (1.0–1.9) | 10.6 | (5.8–15.4) | 0.3 | (.2–0.5) |
| At or above poverty level | 837 | (78.1) | 53.2 | (47.5–58.9) | … | … | 19.3 | (14.6–24.1) | … | … | 37.1 | (31.1–43.0) | … | … |
| Age at first sex, y | ||||||||||||||
| ≤15 | 310 | (27.2) | 64.9 | (56.3–73.5) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.4) | 24.3 | (17.5–31.2) | 1.2 | (.9–1.8) | 22.6 | (15.0–30.3) | 0.7 | (.5–0.9) |
| ≥16 | 783 | (72.8) | 56.9 | (51.0–62.7) | … | … | 19.8 | (14.9–24.7) | … | … | 34.3 | (28.7–40.0)) | … | … |
| Lifetime sex partners, No. | ||||||||||||||
| ≤3 | 506 | (39.0) | 56.4 | (49.3–63.5) | … | … | 7.1 | (3.9–10.3) | … | … | 42.2 | (34.9–49.5) | … | … |
| ≥4 | 580 | (61.0) | 60.7 | (54.7–66.7) | 1.1 | (.9–1.3) | 30.1 | (24.0–36.2) | 4.3 | (2.7–6.8) | 23.9 | (17.9–29.9) | 0.6 | (.4–0.8) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2.
a
Unweighted No.
b
Weighted percentage.