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| catalyst loading (wt % on lignin) | temp. (°C) | time (h) | oil yield (%)b | gas phase (%)b | water (%)b | solids (%)b | mass balance (%)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 400a | 2 | 67.2 | 8.6 | 19.7 | 4.0 | 99 |
| 10 | 400a | 2 | 70.6 | 9.4 | 20.7 | 100 | |
| 5 | 450b | 1 | 52.1 | 11.8 | 22.4 | 11.5 | 98 |
| 10 | 450b | 1 | 49.5 | 11.7 | 22.0 | 10.8 | 94 |
Reaction conditions: Kraft lignin, 15 g; hydrogen pressure of 100 bar at RT; 1200 rpm.
Percent is on weight basis of lignin intake.
