Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Characteristic | n | % or Range | M | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | 300 | 36 - 85 | 53.90 | 10.54 |
| Male | 104 | 34.7% | ||
| Female | 196 | 65.3% | ||
| Education (%) | 233 | |||
| ≤ High school | 124 | 41.3% | ||
| Some college | 101 | 33.7% | ||
| ≥ University degree | 75 | 25.0% | ||
| Health behaviors | ||||
| Smoking | 237 | |||
| Non-smoker | 164 | 54.7% | ||
| Current smoker | 73 | 24.3% | ||
| Alcohol problems | 298 | 0 – 1 | .07 | .26 |
| Medication use (% yes) | ||||
| Blood pressure | 127 | 42.3% | ||
| Cholesterol | 65 | 21.7% | ||
| Steroid | 32 | 10.7% | ||
| Depression | 26 | 8.7% | ||
| Mental health | ||||
| Anxiety | 297 | 12.00 – 57.00 | 19.93 | 7.91 |
| Depression | 296 | 11.00 – 47.00 | 17.37 | 6.19 |
| Inflammation Biomarkers | ||||
| C-reactive protein | 291 | 0.14 – 31.70 | 3.87 | 4.81 |
| Interleukin-6 | 296 | 0.46 – 22.40 | 3.83 | 3.49 |
| Fibrinogen | 291 | 167.00 – 857.00 | 380.92 | 95.26 |
| E-selectin | 295 | 10.04 – 178.05 | 50.09 | 27.59 |
| Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 | 295 | 44.00 – 1076.59 | 282.63 | 153.65 |
| Inflammation burden | 300 | 0.00 – 5.00 | 2.03 | 1.43 |
| Lifetime discrimination | ||||
| Never | 67 | 22.3% | ||
| 1-2 instances | 76 | 25.3% | ||
| 3 or more | 100 | 33.38% | ||
| Everyday discrimination | 297 | 9.00 - 32.00 | 14.84 | 6.34 |