Fig. 1.
MSCs express functional TRPV4. (A) Human MSCs show positive expression for TRPV4 via immunofluorescence (Left), Western blot (Center), and flow cytometry (Right, representative histogram shown, 99.8% positive). (Magnification: 20×.) (B) MSCs respond with calcium signaling when exposed to TRPV4 agonist GSK101 (*different from control, P < 0.05, bars represent percentage of cells signaling for the entire cell population per condition and thus do not have error bars, semiconfluent monolayer culture). Peak calcium signal intensity in response to GSK101 stimulation (C) is dose-dependent (treatments not connected by the same letter are different, P < 0.05). (D) TRPV4 activation with low doses of GSK101 (Left, 1, 10 nM) results in multiple short peaks of calcium in MSCs (traces are individual cells), whereas larger doses (Right, 100 nM) yield large, sustained peaks that gradually decay.