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. 2019 Feb 7;14:1027–1038. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S188887

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© 2019 Singh et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Mode of action of UCNPs in visualizing and killing bacteria.

Notes: In this figure, we summarize published work on UCNPs’ role in visualizing and killing bacteria. (A) Functionalized UCNPs targeting bacteria with NIR/VIS emission range is used to image the bacteria. (B) UCNPs loaded with antimicrobial compounds or with an UV emission range are used for localized antimicrobial activity.

Abbreviations: NIR, near infrared; UCNPs, upconverting nanoparticles; UV, ultraviolet; VIS, visible.