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. 2019 Feb 7;14:993–1009. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S191689

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© 2019 Zhang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells exposed to three types of MWCNTs with or without BSA (A) and IgG (B) coronas.

Notes: Assessment of cytotoxicity of MWCNTs with WST-8 and LDH assays. After exposure to 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of each of the MWCNT suspensions for 24 hours, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with the WST-8 reagent for 1 hour, and the absorbance was measured at 490 nm. All the WST-8 values were normalized according to the control (no MWCNT exposure), which was regarded as the 100% cell viability reference point. Similar to the treatment, cell supernatants from control and exposure experiments were collected and assayed for LDH activity as described in the Materials and methods section. Data are representative of three separate experiments with at least three wells per treatment. All the WST-8 and LDH values were normalized according to the nontreated control, which was regarded as representing 100% cell viability. *P<0.05 compared to control cells, ^#P<0.05 compared to the same types of MWCNTs without protein corona. (C) Morphology of RAW264.7 cells treated with three types of MWCNTs (25 µg/mL) in FBS free and complete medium for 6 hours. The asterisks indicate MWCNTs agglomerates to adhere to cell walls and shrinkage of the cell membrane. The scale bar is 50 µm.

Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes; MWCNTs-COOH; carboxylated MWCNTs; MWCNTs-PEG, polyethylene glycol MWCNTs.

Cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells exposed to three types of MWCNTs with or without BSA (A) and IgG (B) coronas.

Notes: Assessment of cytotoxicity of MWCNTs with WST-8 and LDH assays. After exposure to 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of each of the MWCNT suspensions for 24 hours, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with the WST-8 reagent for 1 hour, and the absorbance was measured at 490 nm. All the WST-8 values were normalized according to the control (no MWCNT exposure), which was regarded as the 100% cell viability reference point. Similar to the treatment, cell supernatants from control and exposure experiments were collected and assayed for LDH activity as described in the Materials and methods section. Data are representative of three separate experiments with at least three wells per treatment. All the WST-8 and LDH values were normalized according to the nontreated control, which was regarded as representing 100% cell viability. *P<0.05 compared to control cells, ^#P<0.05 compared to the same types of MWCNTs without protein corona. (C) Morphology of RAW264.7 cells treated with three types of MWCNTs (25 µg/mL) in FBS free and complete medium for 6 hours. The asterisks indicate MWCNTs agglomerates to adhere to cell walls and shrinkage of the cell membrane. The scale bar is 50 µm.

Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes; MWCNTs-COOH; carboxylated MWCNTs; MWCNTs-PEG, polyethylene glycol MWCNTs.