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. 2019 Feb 4;13:30. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00030

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Copyright © 2019 Zhao, Lu, Yuan, Xu, Yao, Ji, Chen, Liu, Yan, Xia, Li, Tao and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Aβ causes mitochondrial dysfunction via multiple mechanisms. Aβ is imported to the mitochondria through interacting with TOM40 and TIM20, eventually localizing cross mitochondrial membrane. Aβ decreases COX activity. Aβ decreases ATP generation via binding to ATP synthase subunit α. Aβ increases NO generation, which results in S-nitrosylation of DLP. Aβ increases the expression of Fis1. Through and , Aβ enhances mitochondrial fission. Aβ decreases the expression of Mfn1/2 and OPA1, through which Aβ suppresses mitochondrial fusion. Aβ regulates mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) via forming an interacting complex with ANT, cyclophilin D (Cyc D) and VADC, the core components of MPTP. Aβ interacts with ABAD, preventing NAD+ to ABAD, thereby changing MTP and decreasing the activities of RC. Aβ suppresses nutrients induced mitochondrial activity through regulation mTOR activity. Aβ impairs mitophagy through downregulation of DISC1 and PINK1.

Inline graphic — Aβ causes mitochondrial dysfunction via multiple mechanisms. Aβ is imported to the mitochondria through interacting with TOM40 and TIM20, eventually localizing cross mitochondrial membrane. Aβ decreases COX activity. Aβ decreases ATP generation via binding to ATP synthase subunit α. Aβ increases NO generation, which results in S-nitrosylation of DLP. Aβ increases the expression of Fis1. Through and , Aβ enhances mitochondrial fission. Aβ decreases the expression of Mfn1/2 and OPA1, through which Aβ suppresses mitochondrial fusion. Aβ regulates mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) via forming an interacting complex with ANT, cyclophilin D (Cyc D) and VADC, the core components of MPTP. Aβ interacts with ABAD, preventing NAD+ to ABAD, thereby changing MTP and decreasing the activities of RC. Aβ suppresses nutrients induced mitochondrial activity through regulation mTOR activity. Aβ impairs mitophagy through downregulation of DISC1 and PINK1.