Figure 4.

Effects of gene flow (differences between between‐population and within‐population crosses) on performance of Clarkia pulchella, accounting for midparent temperature and precipitation. Lifetime fitness (the number of seeds produced by each seed that was planted) incorporates germination, survival, and reproduction. (A) Regression estimates and standard errors from the zero‐inflation part of a model of lifetime fitness. (B) Regression estimates and standard errors from the conditional part of a model of lifetime fitness. (C) Effects of gene flow (GF), absolute midparent temperature differences (T_diff), and absolute midparent precipitation differences (P_diff) on component lifestages of Clarkia pulchella. Directionality of effects is illustrated with “+” and “‐”. Not quite significant parameters (0.05 < P < 0.10) are shown in boxes with dashed margins, predictors in solid boxes are significant (P < 0.05). Size in the previous lifestage is not shown here, but has a significant positive effect on overwinter and reproductive lifestages. This summarizes the significant results of separate models for each lifestage; full statistical results of these tests are in Table S4.