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. 2019 Jan 25;3(1):69–79. doi: 10.1002/evl3.97

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© 2019 The Author(s). Evolution Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB).

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A: $\bar{β}$ as a function of DAF for BMI and educational attainment (EA). B: $S_{β} (0, x)$ for the same data. C: neutral null distribution of $S_{β} (0, 1)$ obtained by permutations. The vertical dashed line indicates the observed value of $S_{β} (0, 1)$ in the GWAS summary data.