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Clinical outcomes over follow-up. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. ∗P ≤ .05 compared to preoperative baseline: (A) visual analog scale (VAS 0–100 mm) for neck pain. (B) visual analog scale (VAS 0–100 mm) for arm pain. (C) Neck disability index (NDI 0–100%). (D) SF-36 score (PCS = physical composite score; MCS = mental composite score).
