Table 3. Hazard ratios for the development of heart failure by type of second-line antidiabetic medication according to history of cardiovascular disease.
| Drugs | CVD history (n = 16,184) | No CVD history (n = 82,199) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person-years | No. of cases | Event rate (per 100,000 PY) | HR (95% CI) | Person-years | No. of cases | Event rate (per 100,000 PY) | HR (95% CI) | |
| MET+SU | 27,936 | 415 | 1,486 | 1.00 | 143,580 | 714 | 497 | 1.00 |
| MET+DPP-4i | 24,100 | 292 | 1,212 | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 132,063 | 418 | 317 | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) |
| MET+TZD | 2,914 | 45 | 1,544 | 1.10 (0.81–1.50) | 16,398 | 65 | 396 | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; MET, metformin; SU, sulfonylurea; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; TZD, thiazolidinedione; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PY, person-year; no., number. Data are adjusted for sex, age, the duration of MET therapy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, microvascular complications of diabetes (retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy), cardiovascular disease, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and calendar index year.