Table 7. Baseline differences in serum metabolites concentration levels between low responders (LRE) and high responders (HRE) to ET and HIIT programs in TIMES.

Data are mean ± standard deviation, plus confidence intervals of the effect size (ES) of differences.

Serum metabolites (mM)#	ET						ES	95% CI		Serum metabolites (mM)#	HIIT						ES	95% CI
	LRE (n = 10)			HRE (n = 10)							LRE (n = 9)			HRE (n = 10)
3-Hydroxybutyrate	0.0364	±	0.0337	0.1097	±	0.1063*	-0.93	-1.85	-0.01	3-Hydroxybutyrate	0.0830	±	0.0641	0.1169	±	0.1648	-0.27	-1.17	0.64
Asparagine	0.0333	±	0.0109	0.0414	±	0.0143	-0.64	-1.54	0.26	Asparagine	0.0402	±	0.0115	0.0336	±	0.0125	0.55	-0.37	1.47
Creatinine	0.0658	±	0.0147	0.0783	±	0.0217	-0.67	-1.57	0.23	Creatine	0.0091	±	0.0072	0.0180	±	0.0105*	-0.97	-1.93	-0.02
Glutamine	0.3342	±	0.0648	0.4093	±	0.1909	-0.53	-1.42	0.37	Creatinephosphate	0.0033	±	0.0020	0.0049	±	0.0029	-0.65	-1.58	0.27
Glycerol	0.1797	±	0.0382	0.2352	±	0.0670*	-1.02	-1.95	-0.09	Dimethylamine	0.0055	±	0.0041	0.0044	±	0.0043	0.26	-0.64	1.17
Glycolate	0.0146	±	0.0020	0.0174	±	0.0069	-0.54	-1.44	0.35	Guanidoacetate	0.0311	±	0.0191	0.0456	±	0.0203	-0.73	-1.66	0.20
Hypoxanthine	0.0031	±	0.0007	0.0037	±	0.0011	-0.56	-1.46	0.33	Glycerol	0.2253	±	0.0679	0.1838	±	0.0665	0.62	-0.30	1.54
Methionine	0.0223	±	0.0061	0.0247	±	0.0064	-0.39	-1.28	0.49	Histidine	0.0950	±	0.0166	0.0876	±	0.0106	0.54	-0.38	1.46
Methylsuccinate	0.0107	±	0.0046	0.0145	±	0.0030*	-0.99	-1.92	-0.06	Lactate	1.9549	±	0.5674	1.6320	±	0.3145	0.71	-0.21	1.64
O-Acetylcarnitine	0.0040	±	0.0025	0.0073	±	0.0031*	-1.16	-2.11	-0.22	Lysine	0.1066	±	0.0239	0.0832	±	0.0252*	0.95	0.00	1.90
Ornithine	0.0248	±	0.0095	0.0350	±	0.0170	-0.74	-1.65	0.17	Methionine	0.0212	±	0.0092	0.0181	±	0.0049	0.43	-0.48	1.34
Propylene glycol	0.0143	±	0.0047	0.0188	±	0.0049	-0.92	-1.85	0.00	N.N-Dimethylglycine	0.0032	±	0.0005	0.0028	±	0.0007	0.57	-0.35	1.49
Threonine	0.1164	±	0.0140	0.1371	±	0.0450	-0.62	-1.52	0.28	N-Methylhydantoin	0.0012	±	0.0005	0.0016	±	0.0008	-0.66	-1.59	0.26
										Phenylalanine	0.0651	±	0.0146	0.0545	±	0.0058*	0.98	0.03	1.93
										Trimethylamine	0.0020	±	0.0007	0.0018	±	0.0006	0.32	-0.59	1.22
										Tyrosine	0.0758	±	0.0164	0.0640	±	0.0079	0.94	-0.01	1.89
										Urea	0.5102	±	0.1680	0.6089	±	0.2848	-0.42	-1.33	0.49

ET: Continuous endurance training; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; LRE and HRE were stratified by the 1^st and 3^rd tertiles, respectively, from the gains in maximal power output (MPO) in response to ET and HIIT. ES: Effect size calculated as the standardized difference between HRE and LRE in standard deviation units; CI: Confidence intervals.

^# Set of metabolites with correlation coefficients (r) between baseline values and (MPO) gains higher than 0.2.

*Difference from LRE (as determined by the 95% CI for ES that did not cross zero), bold values.